Ces radiol. 2020, 74(1):22-27 | DOI: 10.55095/CesRadiol2020/004

Ultrasonographic evaluation of lymph nodesReview article

Radka Šlaisová, Hana Petrášová, Jakub Foukal
Klinika radiologie a nukleární medicíny LF MU a FN Brno

Ultrasonography is the method of choice for imaging of superficially localized lymph nodes. Using high-frequency transducers, it is possible to visualize in detail the internal structure of lymph nodes and to evaluate the basic parameters by which lymph nodes can be assigned as benign or suspected of malignant disease. The paper deals with the evaluation of these parameters in gray-scale and Doppler mode, and also shows the possibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to detect the tumor infiltration of lymph nodes.

Keywords: lymph node, contrast media, ultrasonography

Accepted: January 30, 2020; Published: March 1, 2020  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Šlaisová R, Petrášová H, Foukal J. Ultrasonographic evaluation of lymph nodes. Ces radiol. 2020;74(1):22-27. doi: 10.55095/CesRadiol2020/004.
Download citation

References

  1. Čihák R. Anatomie 3. Praha: Grada Publishing 2004; 173-176.
  2. Povýšil C, a kol. Speciální patologie I. díl. Praha: Karolinum 2001; 63-70.
  3. Ahuja A, Ying M. Sonography of neck lymph nodes. Part II: Abnormal lymph nodes. Clinical Radiology 2003; 58: 359-366. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Ahuja AT, Ying M, Ho SY, et al. Ultrasound of malignant cervical lymph nodes. Cancer Imaging 2008; 8: 48-56. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Steinkamp HJ, Hosten N, Richter C, Schedel H, Felix R. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes at helical CT. Radiology 1994; 191: 795-798. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. van den Brekel MWM, Stel HV, Castelijns JA, et al. Cervical lymph node metastasis: assessment of radiologic criteria. Radiology 1990; 177: 379-384. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Yu M, Liu Q, Song HP, et al. Clinical application of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in diagnosis of superficial lymphadenopathy. J Ultrasound Med 2010; 29: 735-740. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Vassallo P, Wernecke K, Roos N, Peters PE. Differentiation of benign from malignant superficial lymphadenopathy: the role of high-resolution US. Radiology 1992; 183: 215-220. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Ahuja AT, Chow L, Chick W, King W, Metreweli C. Metastatic cervical nodes in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: ultrasound and histological correlation. Clin Radiol 1995; 50: 229-331. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Rubaltelli L, Proto E, Salmaso R, Bortoletto P, Candiani F, Cagol PP. Sonography of abnormal lymph nodes in vitro: correlation of sonographic and histologic findings. Am J Roentgenol 1990; 155: 1241-1244. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Jones PG, Campbell PE. Tuberculous lymphadenitis in childhood: the significance of anonymous mycobacteria. Br J Surg 1962; 50: 302-314. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Khanna R, Sharma AD, Khanna S, Kumar M, Shukla RC. Usefulness of ultrasonography for the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy. World J Surg Oncol 2011; 28(9): 29. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Ahuja AT, Ying M, Ho SS, Metreweli C. Distribution of intranodal vessels in differentiating benign from metastatic neck nodes. Clin Radiol 2001; 56: 197-201. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Ying M, Ahuja A, Brook F, Metreweli C. Power Doppler sonography of normal cervical lymph nodes. J Ultrasound Med 2000; (19): 511-517. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Tschammler A, Ott G, Schang T, Seelbach-Goebel B, Schwager K, Hahn D. Lymphadenopathy: differentiation of benign from malignant disease-color Doppler US assessment of intranodal angioarchitecture. Radiology 1998; 208: 117-123. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Bialek EJ, Jakubowski W, Szczepanik AB, et al. Vascular patterns in superficial lymphomatous lymph nodes: A detailed sonographic analysis. Journal of Ultrasound 2007; 10(3): 128-134. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Ariji Y, Kimura Y, Hayashi N, et al. Power Doppler sonography of cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 303-307.
  18. Wu CH, Chang YL, Hsu WC, Ko JY, Sheen TS, Hsieh FJ. Usefulness of Doppler spectral analysis and power Doppler sonography in the differentiation of cervical lymphadenopathies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 171: 503-509. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Chang DB, Yuan A, Yu CJ, Luh KT, Kuo SH, Yang PC. Differentiation of benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes with color Doppler sonography. AJR 1994; 162(4): 965-968. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Brnić Z, Hebrang A. Usefulness of Doppler waveform analysis in differential diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Eur Radiol 2003; 13: 175-180. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Poanta L, Serban O, Pascu I, Pop S, Cosgarea M, Fodor D. The place of CEUS in distinguishing benign from malignant cervical lymph nodes: a prospective study. Med Ultrason 2014; 16: 7-14. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Quaia E. Assessment of tissue perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eur Radiol 2011; 21: 604-615. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Jakubcová R. Moulis M. Šálek D. Foukal J. Kontrastní ultrazvukové vyšetření periferních lymfatických uzlin - radiologicko-patologická korelace. Ces Radiol 2010; 64(1): 20-27.
  24. Gadre A, Briner W, O'Leary M. A scanning electron microscope study of the human cervical lymph node. Acta Otolaryngol 1994; 114(1): 87-90. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  25. Rubaltelli L, Khadivi Y, Tregnaghi A, et al. Evaluation of lymph node perfusion using continuous mode harmonic ultrasonography with a second-generation contrast agent. J Ultrasound Med 2004; 23(6): 829-836. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Jin Y, He YS, Zhang MM, et al. Value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the differencial diagnosis of enlarged lymph nodes: a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16(6): 2361-2368. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.